Molecular biology is the science of study of biology at the molecular level.

William Astbury in Nature described molecular biology as:

“… not so much a technique as an approach, an approach from the viewpoint of the so-called basic sciences with the leading idea of searching below the large-scale manifestations of classical biology for the corresponding molecular plan. It is concerned particularly with the forms of biological molecules and ….. is predominantly three-dimensional and structural – which does not mean, however, that it is merely a refinement of morphology – it must at the same time inquire into genesis and function” (W.T. Astbury, Nature 190, 1124. 1961)

Molecular biology has allowed us to uncover the mysteries of the human body, viruses, bacteria and all other life. As such, it has allowed the progress of medicine to advance to such a degree so that we may begin to cure the previously incurable, and to eventually find cures for every disease that afflicts human kind.

Molecular biology depends not only on biology but also chemistry, genetics, and biochemistry. The understanding of the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids is vital in understanding how cells work and how diseases affect these interactions. Researchers and scientists are slowly piecing together these interactions and how each biological molecule functions. By understanding this, scientists can then examine disease conditions, and see if the function of any of the molecules has changed. If a molecule or interaction is affected by disease, scientists can then create therapies which target these alterations and repair them.

Forestry represents a sizable portion of man’s environment. It covers approximately 1/3 of the entire surface of the Earth and about the same of the continental United States of America. Unless man seriously disturbs or alters this cover, or there are serious catastrophic events, Forest continues to live on in an indefinite basis in a given area of land. The contribution of forests towards the economic stability of nature benefits many forms of life, and that includes man. Ecology is also known as the science of the interrelationships between organisms in and to their complete environment. Forestry ecology is concerned mainly with the forest as a biological community. It deals with the interrelationships between the various trees and other living organisms comprising the community and with the interrelationships between these existing organisms and the physical environment in which they continue to exist. In other words, the study of the forest ecosystem is forest ecology.

The type of forest that we are talking about is going to be based on what are the predominant trees which are growing in a given site and that is used to classify a plant community. The ecological system or the ecosystem, it is the habitat than a forest survives in and the forest community. Technically speaking, an ecosystem is a biological term applied to a part of nature, such as the forest, which includes both nonliving material and living organisms as part of the ecosystem. An ecosystem could well be likened to an aquarium in which the water, containing a number of dissolved minerals, constitutes the physical environment. Sunlight enters the tank allowing the green plants to grow. The plans give out oxygen. The fish in turn feed on plants. Fish excrement helps feed the green plants. This environment survives entirely on its own for a time. A forest is similar but on a much larger scale.